Jerman akan membeli jet F-35 karena meningkatkan pengeluaran militer setelah invasi Rusia ke Ukraina. - Germany will buy F-35 jets as it ramps up military spending after Russia's Ukraine invasion.

 


March14, 2022 - 10:00 AM.

Jerman telah mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan membeli 35 jet tempur F-35A buatan AS, pembelian senjata besar pertama yang dikonfirmasi secara terbuka sejak Kanselir Olaf Scholz berkomitmen untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran pertahanan negaranya setelah invasi Rusia ke Ukraina.

Pemerintah Jerman telah membuat keputusan ini di samping pilihan untuk menjadi lebih aktif dalam pertahanan Eropa. Scholz juga telah mengambil langkah dramatis untuk membatasi hubungan ekonomi Jerman dengan Rusia, termasuk menghentikan pipa gas Nord Stream 2.

F-35 akan menggantikan armada Tornado Jerman yang sudah tua, satu-satunya pesawat dalam inventaris Luftwaffe yang mampu membawa bom nuklir AS yang disimpan di negara itu jika terjadi perang pecah di Eropa.

Keputusan untuk membeli F-35 sangat penting karena akan membuat angkatan udara Jerman lebih kompatibel dengan anggota NATO lainnya dan mitra pertahanan Eropa lainnya yang beroperasi atau berniat membeli F-35.

Departemen Pertahanan AS mengatakan awal tahun ini bahwa F-35A Angkatan Udara AS di Eropa akan disertifikasi untuk menyebarkan bom nuklir sebelum 2023.

F-35 hadir dalam tiga versi, A, B dan C, dengan hanya F-35A yang dilengkapi dengan kemampuan nuklir.

Jet tempur akan menjadi upgrade yang signifikan bagi Jerman. Sementara Tornado, yang telah beroperasi aktif sejak 1980-an dan akan dihapus pada tahun 2030, mampu membawa senjata nuklir AS, telah lama dianggap sebagai pilihan yang ketinggalan zaman dalam perang modern.

Tornado dirancang untuk menembus pertahanan udara dengan terbang rendah, pada kecepatan transonik. Pergi dari itu ke F-35 yang menggabungkan siluman dengan kesadaran situasional yang tak tertandingi terhadap ancaman berbasis udara dan darat, dan kemampuan perang elektroniknya sendiri ... itu hanya siang dan malam," kata Justin Bronk, peneliti tenaga udara dan teknologi di Royal United Services Institute.

"Setiap situasi di mana Anda menjatuhkan senjata nuklir NATO akan melibatkan penetrasi jaringan pertahanan udara paling tangguh di dunia. Terbang rendah dan cepat seperti Tornado ke dalamnya sama sekali tidak kredibel pada tahun 2022," tambahnya.

Pembelian jet ini datang dalam konteks yang lebih luas dari pergeseran besar Jerman dalam strategi pertahanan selama tiga minggu terakhir. Jerman, sebuah negara yang telah menolak menjadi kekuatan militer sejak akhir Perang Dunia II, telah berjanji untuk secara dramatis meningkatkan anggaran pertahanannya sesuai dengan persyaratan NATO 2%.

Scholz mengatakan bahwa peningkatan pengeluaran, yang akan melonjak dari € 47 miliar pada tahun 2021 menjadi € 100 miliar pada tahun 2022, adalah pengakuan bahwa Jerman "harus berinvestasi lebih banyak dalam keamanan negara kita untuk melindungi kebebasan dan demokrasi kita."

Peningkatan pengeluaran akan membuat Jerman menjadi militer yang didanai terbaik di Eropa Barat dan, pasca-Ukraina, tampaknya Jerman akan secara aktif berusaha memainkan peran yang lebih menonjol dalam keamanan Eropa.

Prospek Jerman tiba-tiba memainkan peran yang lebih besar ini dapat menyebabkan beberapa tingkat kekhawatiran di ibu kota Eropa lainnya. Prancis, yang sebelumnya merupakan suara militer terbesar di Uni Eropa, telah menjadi pemandu sorak integrasi pertahanan Eropa yang lebih dekat. Tidak jelas bagaimana militer Jerman yang baru dan lebih siap akan masuk ke dalam pemikiran pertahanan jangka panjang Uni Eropa atau bagaimana ia akan bertindak dalam NATO.

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Germany has announced that it will buy 35 US-made F-35A fighter jets, the first major arms purchase to be publicly confirmed since Chancellor Olaf Scholz committed to ramping up his country's defense spending in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The German government has made these decisions alongside a choice to become more active in European defenses. Scholz has also taken dramatic steps to limit Germany's economic ties to Russia, including halting the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline.

The F-35s will replace Germany's aging fleet of Tornados, the only planes in the Luftwaffe's inventory capable of carrying US nuclear bombs that are stored in the country in case of war breaking out in Europe.

The decision to buy F-35s is significant as it will make Germany's air force more compatible with the rest of NATO and other European defense partners who either operate or intend to purchase F-35s.

The US Defense Department said earlier this year that US Air Force F-35As in Europe would be certified to deploy the nuclear bombs before 2023.

The F-35 comes in three versions, A, B and C, with just the F-35A being outfitted with nuclear capabilities.

The fighter jets will be a significant upgrade for Germany. While the Tornado, which has been in active service since the 1980s and will be phased out by 2030, was capable of carrying US nuclear weapons, it has long been considered an out-of-date option in modern warfare.

"The Tornado was designed to penetrate air defenses by flying low, at transonic speeds. Going from that to the F-35 which combines stealth with unmatched situational awareness against aerial and ground-based threats, and its own electronic warfare capabilities ... it's just night and day," said Justin Bronk, airpower and technology research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute.

"Any situation where you are dropping a NATO nuclear weapon would involve penetrating the most formidable air defense networks in the world. Flying low and fast as the Tornado would into that is simply not credible in 2022," he added.

The purchase of these jets comes in the broader context of an enormous Germany shift in defense strategy over the past three weeks. Germany, a country that has resisted becoming a military power since the end of World War II, has pledged to dramatically increase its defense budget in line with the 2% NATO requirement.

Scholz said that the increase in spending, which will leap from €47 billion in 2021 to €100 billion in 2022, was an acknowledgment that Germany "will have to invest more in the security of our country to protect our freedom and democracy."

The increase in spending will make Germany the best-funded military in Western Europe and, post-Ukraine, it seems likely that Germany will be actively seeking to play a more prominent role in European security.

The prospect of Germany suddenly playing this larger role may cause some degree of concern in other European capitals. France, previously the biggest military voice in the European Union, has been a cheerleader of closer European defense integration. It is unclear how a new, better equipped German military will fit into the EU's long-term defense thinking nor how it will act within NATO.

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